1 #pragma once 2 #include<iostream> 3 using namespace std; 4 class Point{ 5 public: 6 Point(int x0=0,int y0=0); 7 ~Point()=default; 8 int get_x() const; 9 int get_y() const; 10 void show() const; 11 void move(int new_x,int new_y); 12 private: 13 int x,y; 14 }; 15 Point::Point(int x0,int y0):x{x0},y{y0}{ 16 } 17 int Point::get_x() const{ 18 return x;} 19 int Point::get_y() const{ 20 return y;} 21 void Point::show() const{ 22 cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;} 23 void Point::move(int new_x,int new_y){ 24 x=new_x; 25 y=new_y; 26 }
task1.cpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include"Point.hpp" 3 #include<vector> 4 using std::vector; 5 using std::cin; 6 void output(const vector<Point>&v){ 7 for(auto &t:v) 8 t.show(); 9 } 10 void test(){ 11 int n; 12 cin>>n; 13 vector<Point>x(n); 14 cout<<"x对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 15 output(x); 16 vector<Point>y(x); 17 cout<<"\nx对象中所有点坐标信息"<<endl; 18 output(y); 19 cout<<"\n更新x对象:"<<endl; 20 x.at(0).move(30,50); 21 x.push_back(Point(2,2)); 22 cout<<"\nx对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 23 output(x); 24 cout<<"\ny对象中所有点坐标信息:"<<endl; 25 output(y); 26 } 27 int main(){ 28 test(); 29 }
无变化
深复制
2.point.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include<iostream> 3 using std::cout; 4 using std::endl; 5 class Point{ 6 public: 7 Point(int x0=0,int y0=0); 8 ~Point()=default; 9 int get_x() const; 10 int get_y() const; 11 void show() const; 12 void move(int new_x,int new_y); 13 private: 14 int x,y; 15 }; 16 Point::Point(int x0,int y0):x{x0},y{y0}{ 17 } 18 int Point::get_x() const{ 19 return x;} 20 int Point::get_y() const{ 21 return y;} 22 void Point::show() const{ 23 cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;} 24 void Point::move(int new_x,int new_y){ 25 x=new_x; 26 y=new_y; 27 }
vectorPoint.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include"point.hpp" 3 #include<cassert> 4 #include<iostream> 5 class vectorPoint{ 6 public: 7 vectorPoint(int n); 8 ~vectorPoint(); 9 int get_size() const; 10 Point& at(int index); 11 Point& at(int index) const; 12 private: 13 int size; 14 Point *ptr; 15 }; 16 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n):size{n}{ 17 ptr=new Point[n];} 18 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint(){ 19 delete[] ptr; 20 } 21 int vectorPoint::get_size() const{ 22 return size;} 23 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index){ 24 assert(index>=0&&index<size); 25 return ptr[index]; 26 } 27 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const{ 28 assert(index>=0&&index<size); 29 return ptr[index]; 30 }
task2.cpp
1 #include"vectorPoint.hpp" 2 #include<iostream> 3 void output(const vectorPoint &v){ 4 for(auto i=0;i<v.get_size();++i) 5 v.at(i).show(); 6 } 7 void test(){ 8 using namespace std; 9 int n; 10 cout<<"输入vectorPoint对象元素中元素个数："; 11 cin>>n; 12 vectorPoint x(n); 13 cout<<"x对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 14 output(x); 15 vectorPoint y(x); 16 cout<<"\ny对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 17 output(y); 18 cout<<"\n更新x对象中点坐标信息........."<<endl; 19 x.at(0).move(30,50); 20 x.at(1).move(-1,-1); 21 cout<<"x对象中所有点坐标信息........"<<endl; 22 output(x); 23 cout<<"\ny对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 24 output(y); 25 26 } 27 int main(){ 28 test(); 29 }
变化
浅复制
浅复制
3.point.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include<iostream> 3 using std::cout; 4 using std::endl; 5 class Point{ 6 public: 7 Point(int x0=0,int y0=0); 8 ~Point()=default; 9 int get_x() const; 10 int get_y() const; 11 void show() const; 12 void move(int new_x,int new_y); 13 private: 14 int x,y; 15 }; 16 Point::Point(int x0,int y0):x{x0},y{y0}{ 17 } 18 int Point::get_x() const{ 19 return x;} 20 int Point::get_y() const{ 21 return y;} 22 void Point::show() const{ 23 cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;} 24 void Point::move(int new_x,int new_y){ 25 x=new_x; 26 y=new_y; 27 }
task3.cpp
1 #include"vectorPoint.hpp" 2 #include<iostream> 3 void output(const vectorPoint &v){ 4 for(auto i=0;i<v.get_size();++i) 5 v.at(i).show(); 6 } 7 void test(){ 8 using namespace std; 9 int n; 10 cout<<"输入vectorPoint对象元素中元素个数："; 11 cin>>n; 12 vectorPoint x(n); 13 cout<<"x对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 14 output(x); 15 vectorPoint y(x); 16 cout<<"\ny对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 17 output(y); 18 cout<<"\n更新x对象中点坐标信息........."<<endl; 19 x.at(0).move(30,50); 20 x.at(1).move(-1,-1); 21 cout<<"x对象中所有点坐标信息........"<<endl; 22 output(x); 23 cout<<"\ny对象中所有点坐标信息："<<endl; 24 output(y); 25 26 } 27 int main(){ 28 test(); 29 }
vectorpoint.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include"point.hpp" 3 #include<cassert> 4 #include<iostream> 5 class vectorPoint{ 6 public: 7 vectorPoint(int n); 8 ~vectorPoint(); 9 int get_size() const; 10 Point& at(int index); 11 Point& at(int index) const; 12 private: 13 int size; 14 Point *ptr; 15 }; 16 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n):size{n}{ 17 ptr=new Point[n];} 18 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint(){ 19 delete[] ptr; 20 } 21 int vectorPoint::get_size() const{ 22 return size;} 23 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index){ 24 assert(index>=0&&index<size); 25 return ptr[index]; 26 } 27 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const{ 28 assert(index>=0&&index<size); 29 return ptr[index]; 30 }
无变化
深复制
当类的成员中包含指针域成员时，默认复制构造函数进行浅复制。浅复制仅复制指针，新指针与原指针指向同一内存区域；深复制复制数据并为之分配单独的内存区域，新指针指向新的内存区域
4.task4_1.cpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 5 void swap1(int &rx,int &ry); 6 void swap2(int *px,int *py); 7 void print(int x,int y); 8 9 10 void test(){ 11 int x=3,y=4; 12 13 print(x,y); 14 swap1(x,y); 15 print(x,y); 16 17 cout<<endl; 18 19 x=3,y=4; 20 print(x,y); 21 swap2(&x,&y); 22 print(x,y); 23 } 24 25 int main(){ 26 test(); 27 } 28 29 30 void swap1(int &rx,int &ry){ 31 int t; 32 t=rx;rx=ry;ry=t; 33 } 34 35 36 37 void swap2(int *px,int *py){ 38 int t; 39 40 t=*px;*px=*py;*py=t; 41 } 42 43 44 void print(int x,int y){ 45 std::cout<<"x= "<<x<<",y= "<<y<<"\n"; 46 }
task4_2.cpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<typeinfo> 3 using namespace std; 4 5 int main() 6 { 7 int a; 8 9 int &ra=a; 10 ra=4; 11 12 int *pa=&a; 13 *pa=5; 14 15 cout<<"&a="<<hex<<&a<<endl; 16 cout<<"&ra="<<hex<<&ra<<endl; 17 cout<<"&pa="<<hex<<&pa<<"\n\n"; 18 19 cout<<"a="<<a<<endl; 20 cout<<"ra="<<a<<endl; 21 cout<<"pa="<<hex<<pa<<endl; 22 23 cout<<"*pa="<<*pa<<"\n\n"; 24 25 cout<<"type a:"<<typeid(a).name()<<endl; 26 cout<<"type ra:"<<typeid(ra).name()<<endl; 27 cout<<"type pa:"<<typeid(pa).name()<<endl; 28 }
task4_3.cpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<vector> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 template<typename T> 7 void output(const T &x){ 8 for(auto i:x) 9 std::cout<<i<<","; 10 std::cout<<"\b\b\n"; 11 12 13 } 14 template<typename T> 15 void square1(T &x){ 16 for(auto i:x) 17 i*=i; 18 } 19 20 template<typename T> 21 void square2(T &x){ 22 for(auto i:x) 23 i*=i; 24 } 25 void test1(){ 26 vector<int> x{1,2,3,4,5}; 27 28 cout<<"动态int型数组对象x内的元素值:"; 29 output(x); 30 cout<<"调用函数square1().........."<<endl; 31 square1(x); 32 cout<<"动态int型数组对象x内的元素值:"; 33 output(x); 34 } 35 void test2(){ 36 vector<int> x{1,2,3,4,5}; 37 38 cout<<"动态int型数组对象x内的元素值:"; 39 output(x); 40 cout<<"调用函数square2().........."<<endl; 41 square1(x); 42 cout<<"动态int型数组对象x内的元素值:"; 43 output(x); 44 } 45 int main(){ 46 cout<<"测试1："<<endl; 47 test1(); 48 cout<<"\n测试2："<<endl; 49 test2(); 50 }
指针类型：本质是地址，可以独立存在，用于存放数据的地址。可以对指针本身进行操作，也可以通过指针去间接操作数据。引用类型：本质是别名，不能独立存在，依赖于源数据。所有操作同步反馈到源数据上。
5.task5.cpp
1 #include "vectorInt.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::cin; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 void output(const vectorInt &vi) { 9 10 for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i) 11 cout << vi.at(i) << ", "; 12 cout << "\b\b \n"; 13 } 14 15 void test() { 16 int n; 17 cout << "输入vectorInt对象中元素个数: "; 18 cin >> n; 19 20 vectorInt x1(n); // 构造动态int数组对象x1，包含n个元素，不对元素初始化 21 for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i) 22 x1.at(i) = i*i; 23 cout << "vectorInt对象x1: "; 24 output(x1); 25 26 vectorInt x2(n, 42); // 构造动态int数组对象x1，包含n个元素，每个元素初始值为42 27 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: "; 28 output(x2); 29 vectorInt x3(x2); // 使用x2构造x3 30 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: "; 31 output(x3); 32 33 cout << "更新vectorInt对象x2......\n"; 34 x2.at(0) = 77; 35 x2.at(1) = -999; 36 37 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: "; 38 output(x2); 39 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: "; 40 output(x3); 41 } 42 43 int main() { 44 test(); 45 }
vectorint.hpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 class vectorInt { 5 public: 6 // 构造函数 7 vectorInt(int size = 0, int value = 0); 8 // 复制构造函数 9 vectorInt(const vectorInt& other); 10 // 析构函数 11 ~vectorInt(); 12 // 返回vectorInt中数据项个数 13 int get_size() const; 14 // 访问vectorInt中第i个数据项，并返回引用 15 int& at(int i); 16 private: 17 int* data; 18 int size; 19 }; 20 21 22 // 构造函数 23 vectorInt::vectorInt(int size, int value) { 24 this->size = size; 25 if (size > 0) { 26 data = new int [size]; 27 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { 28 data[i] = value; 29 } 30 } 31 else { 32 data = nullptr; 33 } 34 cout << "vectorInt constructed, size = " << size << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 复制构造函数 38 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt& other) { 39 size = other.size; 40 if (size > 0) { 41 data = new int [size]; 42 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { 43 data[i] = other.data[i]; 44 } 45 } 46 else { 47 data = nullptr; 48 } 49 std::cout << "vectorInt copied, size = " << size << std::endl; 50 } 51 52 // 析构函数 53 vectorInt::~vectorInt() { 54 if (data != nullptr) { 55 delete[] data; 56 std::cout << "vectorInt destructed, size = " << size << std::endl; 57 } 58 } 59 60 // 返回vectorInt中数据项个数 61 int vectorInt::get_size() const { 62 return size; 63 } 64 65 // 访问vectorInt中第i个数据项，并返回引用 66 int& vectorInt::at(int i) { 67 if (i < 0 || i >= size) { 68 std::cerr << "Out of range!" << std::endl; 69 exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // 或者抛出一个异常 70 } 71 return data[i]; 72 }
6.task6.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include "matrix.hpp" 3 using namespace std; 4 const int N1 = 3; 5 const int N2 = 2; 6 // 输出一个矩阵对象中索引为index对应的行的所有元素值 7 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) { 8 for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j) 9 cout << m.at(index, j) << ", "; 10 cout << "\b\b \n"; 11 } 12 void test() { 13 double x[N1*N2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; 14 Matrix m1(N1, N2); // 创建一个N1×N2矩阵 15 m1.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值 16 cout << "矩阵对象m1: " << endl; 17 m1.print(); // 打印矩阵m1的值 18 cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行是: " << endl; 19 output(m1, 0); 20 cout << endl; 21 Matrix m2(N2, N1); 22 m2.set(x); 23 cout << "矩阵对象m2: " << endl; 24 m2.print(); 25 cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行是: " << endl; 26 output(m2, 0); 27 cout << endl; 28 Matrix m3(m2); // 用矩阵m2构造新的矩阵m3 29 m3.set(0, 0, 999); // 讲矩阵对象m2索引(0,0)元素设为999 30 cout << "矩阵对象m3:" << endl; 31 m3.print(); 32 cout << endl; 33 Matrix m4(2); // 创建一个2*2矩阵对象 34 m4.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值 35 cout << "矩阵对象m4:" << endl; 36 m4.print(); 37 } 38 int main() { 39 test(); 40 }
matrix.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <cassert> 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 // 类Matrix的声明 7 class Matrix { 8 public: 9 Matrix(int n, int m); // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵 10 Matrix(int n); // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵 11 Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造 12 ~Matrix(); 13 void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值 14 void set(int i, int j, double value); // 设置矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素值为value 15 double& at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 16 double& at(int i, int j); // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 17 int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数 18 int get_cols() const; // 返回矩阵对象列数 19 void print() const; // 按行打印输出矩阵对象元素值 20 private: 21 int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数 22 int cols; // 矩阵对象内元素列数 23 double *ptr; 24 }; 25 // 类Matrix的实现：待补足 26 // xxx
