第一步 获取csv格式文件
需要python爬虫的相关知识
第二步 先打印第一行观察标签
import csv filename = 'data/sitka_weather_2014.csv' with open(filename) as f: reader = csv.reader(f) header_row = next(reader) print(header_row)
['AKST', 'Max TemperatureF', 'Mean TemperatureF', 'Min TemperatureF', 'Max Dew PointF', 'MeanDew PointF', 'Min DewpointF', 'Max Humidity', ' Mean Humidity', ' Min Humidity', ' Max Sea Level PressureIn', ' Mean Sea Level PressureIn', ' Min Sea Level PressureIn', ' Max VisibilityMiles', ' Mean VisibilityMiles', ' Min VisibilityMiles', ' Max Wind SpeedMPH', ' Mean Wind SpeedMPH', ' Max Gust SpeedMPH', 'PrecipitationIn', ' CloudCover', ' Events', ' WindDirDegrees']
分析可知所需数据在每行的 【0】，【1】，【3】处
代码解释：
csv格式：一系列数据用逗号隔开保存在一个表格里
csv.reader：读取文件内容
next():读取当前行的下一行，因为是第一次调用，因此结果为csv文件的第一行
第三步：提取数据
此处以提取'Max TemperatureF'为例
import csv filename = 'data/sitka_weather_2014.csv' with open(filename) as f: reader = csv.reader(f) header_row = next(reader) highs = [] for row in reader: high = int(row[1]) highs.append(high) print(highs)
第四步：添加datetime模块并绘制图表
import csv
from datetime import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
filename = 'data/sitka_weather_2014.csv'
with open(filename) as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
header_row = next(reader)
dates,highs = [],[]
for row in reader:
current_datetime = datetime.strptime(row[0],'%Y-%m-%d')
dates.append(current_datetime)
high = int(row[1])
highs.append(high)
# 绘制图形
plt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8')
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(dates,highs,c='red')
ax.set_title("2018年7月每日最高温度",fontsize=24)
ax.set_xlabel('',fontsize=16)
fig.autofmt_xdate()
ax.set_ylabel("温度(f)",fontsize=16)
ax.tick_params(axis = 'both',which = 'major',labelsize = 16)
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["SimHei"]
# 设置matplotlib库字体族为非衬线字体
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
plt.show()
2个大坑注意一下：
style格式中的
seaborn已经不能用了需要改为
seaborn-v0_8
如果图表标签上有中文的话，需要在ply.show()前加上
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["SimHei"] # 设置matplotlib库字体族为非衬线字体 plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
代码解释：striptime：将时间数据按照指定格式规范化
第五步：高低气温可视化
import csv
from datetime import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
filename = 'data/sitka_weather_2014.csv'
with open(filename) as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
header_row = next(reader)
dates,highs,lows = [],[],[]
for row in reader:
current_datetime = datetime.strptime(row[0],'%Y-%m-%d')
dates.append(current_datetime)
high = int(row[1])
highs.append(high)
low = int(row[3])
lows.append(low)
# 绘制图形
plt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8')
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(dates,highs,c='red',alpha=0.5)
ax.plot(dates,lows,c='blue',alpha=0.5)
ax.fill_between(dates,highs,lows,facecolor='blue',alpha = 0.1)
ax.set_title("2014年每日最高和最低温度",fontsize=24)
ax.set_xlabel('',fontsize=16)
fig.autofmt_xdate()
ax.set_ylabel("温度(f)",fontsize=16)
ax.tick_params(axis = 'both',which = 'major',labelsize = 16)
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["SimHei"]
# 设置matplotlib库字体族为非衬线字体
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
plt.show()
