请求与响应

发布时间 2023-06-06 11:37:34作者: 猿小姜

Request

# from rest_framework.request import Request
def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
             negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
    assert isinstance(request, HttpRequest), (
        'The `request` argument must be an instance of '
        '`django.http.HttpRequest`, not `{}.{}`.'
            .format(request.__class__.__module__, request.__class__.__name__)
    )
    # 二次封装request,将原生的request作为drf的request对象的_request属性
    self._request = request
def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """
        If an attribute does not exist on this instance, then we also attempt
        to proxy it to the underlying HttpRequest object.
        """
        try:
            return getattr(self._request, attr)
        except AttributeError:
            return self.__getattribute__(attr)

 

常用属性

.data

request.data 返回解析之后的请求体数据。类似于Django中标准的request.POST和 request.FILES属性,但提供如下特性:

  • 包含了解析之后的文件和非文件数据
  • 包含了对POST、PUT、PATCH请求方式解析后的数据
  • 利用了REST framework的parsers解析器,不仅支持表单类型数据,也支持JSON数据
.query_params

request.query_params与Django标准的request.GET相同,只是更换了更正确的名称而已

@property
def query_params(self):
    """
        More semantically correct name for request.GET.
        """
    return self._request.GET

 

Response

# from rest_framework.response import Response
 def __init__(self, data=None, status=None,
                 template_name=None, headers=None,
                 exception=False, content_type=None):

# data:要返回的数据(字典格式)
# status:返回状态码(默认是200)
    -from rest_framework import status在这个路径下,它把所有使用到的状态码都定义成了常量
# template_name:渲染的模板名字(自定制模板),不需要了解
# headers:响应头,可以往响应头放东西,就是一个字典
# content_type:响应的编码格式,application/json和text/html


# 浏览器响应成浏览器的格式,postman响应成json格式,通过配置实现的(默认配置)
#不管是postman还是浏览器,都返回json格式数据
# drf有默认的配置文件---》先从项目的setting中找,找不到,采用默认的
# drf的配置信息,先从自己类中找--》项目的setting中找---》默认的找
    -局部使用:对某个视图类有效
        -在视图类中写如下
        from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
        renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,]
    -全局使用:全局的视图类,所有请求,都有效
        -在setting.py中加入如下
        REST_FRAMEWORK = {
            'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (  # 默认响应渲染类
                'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',  # json渲染器
                'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',  # 浏览API渲染器
            )
        }

 

 

1.1.2.2 常用属性

1).data

传给response对象的序列化后,但尚未render处理的数据

2).status_code

状态码的数字

3).content

经过render处理后的响应数据

 

1.1.2.3 状态码

为了方便设置状态码,REST framewrok在rest_framework.status模块中提供了常用状态码常量。

1)信息告知 - 1xx
HTTP_100_CONTINUE
HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS
2)成功 - 2xx
HTTP_200_OK
HTTP_201_CREATED
HTTP_202_ACCEPTED
HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION
HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT
HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT
HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS
3)重定向 - 3xx
HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES
HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
HTTP_302_FOUND
HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER
HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED
HTTP_305_USE_PROXY
HTTP_306_RESERVED
HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
4)客户端错误 - 4xx
HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED
HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT
HTTP_409_CONFLICT
HTTP_410_GONE
HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED
HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED
HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG
HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE
HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED
HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY
HTTP_423_LOCKED
HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY
HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED
HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS
5)服务器错误 - 5xx
HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY
HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED
HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE
HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED